Legs adapted for jumping

A flattened seta (hair); often pigmented. Characteristically found covering the body and wings of Lepidoptera.

The basal segment of an insect antenna that articulates with the head capsule

Larval body type often called white grubs. Robust and "C"-shaped body with no abdominal prolegs and short thoracic legs. Example: June beetle and dung beetle

Rigid "plates" of exoskeleton surrounded by membrane or sutures are known as sclerites.

Hardening of the cuticle; sclerites harden and darken as quinone cross-linkages form within the exocuticle. This process (also called tanning) gives the exoskeleton its final texture and appearance.

Cells in the blastoderm become part of a membrane (the serosa) that forms the yolk sac. Cells from the serosa grow around the germ band, enclosing the embryo in an amniotic membrane.

Larger hairs, bristles, and scales (called setae or macrotrichae) that project from the integument. (sing. seta)

Spiracles are valve-like openings in the exoskeleton that regulate the flow of air into and out of the tracheal system. Spiracles are located laterally along the thorax and abdomen of most insects -- usually one pair per body segment.

Multicellular projections of the exoskeleton are called spines (or spurs, if movable). They are lined with epidermis and contain both procuticle and epicuticle.

Simple sclerite that covers the ventral surface of each abdominal surface; a subdivision of a sternum.

Ventral thoracic sclerites are called sterna (or sternites).

Rectangular stigma (pigmented patch) near tip of each wing of dragonflies and damselflies

One of the elongate parts of piercing-sucking mouthparts; a needle-like structure.

The subgenital plate closes over and protects the male genitalia. The male's aedeagus is usually hidden away under the subgenital plate.

Winged "subadult" that undergoes one molt and becomes the adult; unique to mayflies (Ephemeroptera)

An external shallow groove at the junction between two sclerites.