True/False — Indicate “T” for true; “F” for false:
1. Habituation is a simple form of learning in which the level of
response decreases as the stimulus is repeated.
2. The brain and subesophageal ganglion are linked together by
the circumesophageal commissure.
3. A single hair (trichoform sensillum) on an insect's body may be
able to detect several types of stimuli.
4. If there are too many soldiers in a termite colony, the workers
will eat the excess.
5. Lateral ocelli are the primary visual organs of holometabolous
larvae.
6. Taste (gustatory) receptors may be located on the tarsi or
ovipositor of an insect.
7. Chordotonal organs are chemoreceptors that are highly sensitive
to sex pheromones.
8. Courtship is an appetative behavior associated with the sex
drive.
9. In eusocial insects, the workers are always female.
10 A butterfly perceives the sensation of "bee purple" only when
both the UV and yellow receptors in its eyes are stimulated.
Multiple Guess: Choose the BEST answer.
11. The recurrent nerve joins:
A. The two lobes of the tritocerebrum
B. The tritocerebrum with the subesophageal ganglion
C. The frontal and hypocerebral ganglia
D. The tritocerebrum with the frontal ganglion
12. If an insect's developmental threshold is 15 degrees F,
how many degree-days (DD) does it acquire on a day when the
average temperature is 72 degrees F?
A. 87 DD C. 57 DD
B. 30 DD D. No way to tell
13. Broad-spectrum detoxification enzymes are commonly found in:
A. Blood feeding insects
B. Polyphagous herbivores
C. Insect parasitoids
D. All of these
14. If a population's intrinsic rate of increase ("r") is
less than one, then the population is:
A. Growing rapidly C. Stable
B. Growing slowly D. Declining
15. When laying eggs, a female insect returns to her larval host
plant, even though she has not fed upon this plant during her
adult life. This is an example of:
A. Conditioning C. Habituation
B. Imprinting D. Instrumental learning
16. When a newly emerged queen honey bee hears the sound of "piping
and quacking" from unemerged queens, she will find and destroy
their cells. Apparently, these sounds are an example of:
A. A releaser C. A transverse orientation
B. Appetative behavior D. A fixed action pattern
17. Behavior patterns that change drastically over the lifetime of
an insect are probably:
A. Learned C. Innate
B. Imprinted D. Afferent
18. What information could NOT be determined from a life table?
A. Significant mortality factors
B. Intrinsic rate of increase
C. Environmental carrying capacity
D. Stage-specific mortality rate
19. A certain insect usually becomes active each day at dusk. If
kept in the dark all day, it will still become active around
sunset even though it cannot see the sun. This behavior is
an example of:
A. A circadian rhythm C. Transverse orientation
B. Diurnal behavior D. Exogenous entrainment
20. Worker ants remember landmarks around their nest entrance and
use these as a guide when returning home. This behavior is an
example of:
A. Imprinting C. Conditioning
B. Habituation D. Instrumental learning
21. Blow fly larvae collected from the body of a murder victim
pupated in four days when held at a constant temperature of
20 degrees Celsius. If this species has a developmental
threshold of 6 degrees Celsius and needs 420 degree-days to
grow from egg to pupa, how much physiological time elapsed
before the larvae were removed from the corpse? Show your
work and circle your answer.
Questions 22-26 Use the following key to indicate which type of
chemical signal is described in each of these
situations.
A. Allomone
B. Pheromone
C. Hormone
D. Kairomone
22. Odors associated with the wing scales of certain Lepidoptera
(Heliothis spp.) attract parasitoid wasps in the genus
Trichogramma.
23. In response to crowding, adults of the migratory locust develop
high blood titers of a substance that stimulates aggregation,
flight activity, and eventually swarming.
24. Both male and female ladybugs (Hippodamia convergens)
produce an odor that attracts others of this species to
aggregate in large overwintering swarms.
25. The mandibular gland substance of the queen honeybee inhibits
ovarian development among worker bees in the same hive.
26. Some sawfly larvae rear back and secrete a droplet of repellant
oil whenever they are disturbed by a predator.
Matching
Match each behavior in the left column with its typical function listed
in the right column. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
27. Light flash in firefly A. Courtship
B. Dispersal
28. Waggle dance in honey bee C. Nestmate recognition
D. Location of food
29. Stridulation in cricket E. Alarm
30. Trophallaxis in ants
31. Hissing in cockroach
Short Answer
32. How does diapause differ from torpor or quiescence?
33. How does the structure of a compound eye differ from that of an
ocellus?
34. How do the workers in a bee hive differ from those in a termite
colony?
35. How does Batesian mimicry differ from Mullerian mimicry?
36. How does a taxis differ from a kinesis?
37. The table below lists the innervations for several major insect
ganglia. Cross out all INCORRECT entries.
Ganglion Innervations
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Subesophageal Heart, Crop, Labium, Salivary glands
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Protocerebrum Ocelli, compound eyes, antennae, labrum
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Frontal Mandibles, maxillae, mouth, palps
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Metathoracic Midgut, proventriculus, cerci, spiracle
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Caudal Wings, legs, ovipositor, rectum
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Essay
38. Because they have different types of sensory receptors, insects
and humans may perceive the same environment very differently.
What types of stimuli can humans detect more easily than
insects, and what can insects detect that humans cannot?
